Humoral responses after primary and booster SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: A longitudinal observational study.

Given the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron variants, booster vaccination (BV) using inactivated virus vaccines (the third dose) has been implemented in China. However, the immune responses after BV, especially those against Omicron, in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (CHB) are unclear. In this prospective longitudinal study, 114 patients with CHB and 68 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited after receiving inactivated vaccination. The anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG), neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), neutralization against Omicron (BA2.12.1, BA.4/5), and specific B/T cells were evaluated. In patients, anti-RBD IgG was elevated significantly after BV; the titers were as high as those in HCs. Similar results were obtained for the NAbs. However, compared with that against wild type (WT), the neutralization against Omicron was compromised after BV. The frequency of RBD+ atypical memory B cells increased, but spike-specific cluster of differentiation 4+ /8+ T cells remained unchanged after BV. Moreover, no serious adverse events or HBV reactivation were observed after BV. These results suggest that BV significantly enhanced antibody responses against WT; however, it resulted in compromised antibody responses against Omicron in patients with CHB. Hence, new all-in-one vaccines and optimal vaccination strategies should be studied promptly.

Decreased antibody response to influenza vaccine with an enhanced antibody response to subsequent SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

INTRODUCTION: Influenza or SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is especially recommended for people with underlying diseases. For the large number of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB), studies on their immune responses to these vaccines are still lacking. METHODS: A total of 57 CHB patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) receiving inactivated influenza vaccination were prospectively followed up. Influenza-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (anti-H1N1, anti-H3N2, and anti-B IgG), antibody-secreting cells (ASCs), and circulating T follicular helper cells were assessed simultaneously. Eight CHB patients subsequently got inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination during 1-year follow-up, and levels of serum antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were further analyzed. RESULTS: On day 28 after influenza vaccination, three influenza antibodies levels appeared to be lower in CHB patients than in HCs. And anti-H1N1 IgG level was significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients (p < .05). Anti-H1N1 IgG levels (day 28) were positively correlated with ASC frequencies (day 7) (p < .05), and negatively correlated with cirrhosis and hepatitis B surface antigen levels (p < .05). Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were higher in patients with influenza vaccination history than in patients without the history (p < .05). Moreover, positive correlations existed between influenza vaccination history and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels (p < .01). CONCLUSIONS: CHB patients, especially those with cirrhosis, appeared to have a decreased antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccine. A history of inactivated influenza vaccination within 1 year before inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination might induce stronger anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response.

Decreased antibody response to influenza vaccine with an enhanced antibody response to subsequent SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection

Introduction Influenza or SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination is especially recommended for people with underlying diseases. For the large number of patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB), studies on their immune responses to these vaccines are still lacking. Methods A total of 57 CHB patients and 19 healthy controls (HCs) receiving inactivated influenza vaccination were prospectively followed up. Influenza‐specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies (anti‐H1N1, anti‐H3N2, and anti‐B IgG), antibody‐secreting cells (ASCs), and circulating T follicular helper cells were assessed simultaneously. Eight CHB patients subsequently got inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination during 1‐year follow‐up, and levels of serum antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 were further analyzed. Results On day 28 after influenza vaccination, three influenza antibodies levels appeared to be lower in CHB patients than in HCs. And anti‐H1N1 IgG level was significantly decreased in cirrhotic patients (p < .05). Anti‐H1N1 IgG levels (day 28) were positively correlated with ASC frequencies (day 7) (p < .05), and negatively correlated with cirrhosis and hepatitis B surface antigen levels (p < .05). Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies were higher in patients with influenza vaccination history than in patients without the history (p < .05). Moreover, positive correlations existed between influenza vaccination history and anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody levels (p < .01). Conclusions CHB patients, especially those with cirrhosis, appeared to have a decreased antibody response to inactivated influenza vaccine. A history of inactivated influenza vaccination within 1 year before inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination might induce stronger anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response. Antibody response to an inactivated influenza vaccine appears to be reduced in patients with CHB, especially in those with cirrhosis. A history of inactivated influenza vaccination within 1 year before inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination might result in a stronger anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 antibody response

Impact of Physical Activity on COVID-19.

INTRODUCTION: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is seriously endangering human health worldwide. This study finds effective intervention modalities of physical activity on COVID-19 through a narrative review. METHODS: In this study, 41 papers were selected for a narrative literature review after a comprehensive database search from 20 December 2019, to 30 August 2022. RESULTS: 41 articles meet the established criteria, and in this review, we comprehensively describe recent studies on exercise and COVID-19, including the impact and recommendations of exercise on COVID-19 prevention, patients with COVID-19, and noninfected populations. CONCLUSIONS: The literature suggests that physical activity (PA) contributes to the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, can promote recovery of physical function, alleviate post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, and improve patients' psychological well-being. It is recommended to develop appropriate exercise prescriptions for different populations under the guidance of a physician.

Safety and antibody response to inactivated COVID-19 vaccine in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The safety and antibody responses of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) virus infection is still unclear, and exploration in safety and antibody responses of COVID-19 vaccination in CHB patients is significant in clinical practice. METHODS: 362 adult CHB patients and 87 healthy controls at an interval of at least 21 days after a full-course vaccination (21-105 days) were enrolled. Adverse events (AEs) were collected by questionnaire. The antibody profiles at 1, 2 and 3 months were elucidated by determination of anti-spike IgG, anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) IgG, and RBD-angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 blocking antibody. SARS-CoV-2 specific B cells were also analysed. RESULTS: All AEs were mild and self-limiting, and the incidence was similar between CHB patients and controls. Seropositivity rates of three antibodies were similar between CHB patients and healthy controls at 1, 2 and 3 months, but CHB patients had lower titers of three antibodies at 1 month. Compared to healthy controls, HBeAg-positive CHB patients had higher titers of three antibodies at 3 months (all P < .05) and a slower decline in antibody titers. Frequency of RBD-specific B cells was positively correlated with titers of anti-RBD IgG (OR = 1.067, P = .004), while liver cirrhosis, antiviral treatment, levels of HBV DNA, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and total bilirubin (TB) were not correlated with titers of anti-RBD IgG. CONCLUSIONS: Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines were well tolerated, and induced effective antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in CHB patients.